Electrical system.



F: CONRAU CTRiCAL SYSTEM.

APPULA ION HLED SEPT. 4. I913.

Patented July 16, MG.

I d} wzmssas:

'circuit,

ITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

FRANK CONRAD, OF SXVISSVALE, YENNSY LVANIA. ASSIZFINOR TO WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMEANY, A CORPORA'iION OF PENNSYLVANIA. I

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

Application filed. September 4, 1913.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK CONRAD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Swissvale, in the county of'Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Electrical Systems, of which the following is a specification. 7

My invention relates to electrical systems of distribution, and it has special reference to a combination of a control system with a telephone system which utilizes certain of the control circuits.

The object of my invention is to provide a combined electrical system of the aboveindica'ted character which shall increase the safety and convenience oi operation without the iuldition of any undue complications and expense in apparatus,

\Vith this endin view, I install, at suitable points in a system of distribution, a plurality oftelephone sets that are severally energized from the secondary windings of a. plurality of transformers, the primary windingsot' which'are severally connected in certain of the control circuits. In this manner, I obtain the advantages of added safety and convenience without the expense of a separate transmission line. 4

The system of distribution which I will. hereinafterdescribe is fully set forth in my eo-pending ap 'ilication, Serial No. (350.185, filed November 8, 1911, although it will be understood that my invention is not limited to any one particular system. .nit is capable of much wider application. 'i'bc system in question embodies automatic means for eliminating one or more sections of a trolley under predetcrmincd. conditions, such as the m-currcnre of, grounds on said sections, and means for temporarily introduring resistance. into the supply circuit of the system. not nly while one or more dci ccti insertions are being excluded from cii cuit. hui, also during the time when the sec..- lions are bein; reinserted.

The single ligur of the. accompanying drawing is a diagrammatic view of an cloclri al system cinhodying my invention.

For conrcnicni'rc and clcarucss of illus tralion. l have shown a single distributing section and have otherwise simplified the diagram. it is nndcrstood, hm'vevcr, that I do not limit myself to any particular num- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 18, 1916.

Serial No. 788,088.

hex-of sections or to the arrangement of conductors included therein.

Referring to the drawing and -:onsidcring first the system of distribution, energy may be supplied from any suitable grounded source (not shown) through a main feeder conductor 1, and a tap 2, to-a trolley conductor 3. Each trolley conductor is divided into'a plurality of sections the ends of which are tied together by bus bars (not shown) and is provided with suitable circuit-interrupters 4.

The feeder circuit is provided with a main circuit interrupter 5 and a resistor 6 which is normally. short-circuited by a switch or circuit-ln 'eaker 7. In addition to the main feeder 1, l provide-an auxiliary grounded feeder 8 and-'a pair of c ntrol conductors i) and 10 which may both be supplied with-energy from either the main feeder or the auxiliary feeder, or one may be supplied from one feeder and one from' the other, according to the positions cil- (Jontrol stations are located between trollcy sections and are-provided with manually operated control switches l3, l4 and 15.

The circuit-ln'eakers :"i and 7 are located in the main generating or control station which is also equipped with relay switches 16, I7 and .8, a ircuit-closing switch l!) for the contrc conductors t -and l(), and shortcircuiting -switihcs 20 and 21. Another pair of control conductors 22 and 23 are disposed adjacent to the conductors 9 and 10 and a plurality of telephone sets M are tapered oil atpredctcrmincd points from the conductors and 2.3, which thus .-l!'\'(' also as the telephone circuit conductors. The telephone sets 2-1 are, for safety, preferably severally connected to the line through repeating transformers 25 and 25", the mid-points of the secondary windings of. which are severally grounded. As an additional safety precaution, suit-able lightning arrcsters 2 and fuses 2C are pro ridcd.

v The operation of. and the circuit connections for. my improved systrin are as follows: Assuming that thc. switching (lcrlccs and (tirrilit-ln'ealtcl's occupy the positions shown in the drawing, the. resistance section i being shunted, and the section ('.ll('ll|tbreaker 1 being closed, if trolley conductor 3 is accidentally eonueeted to ground as indirated at 27, so that a short circuit oeeurs ou the line, a heavyeurreut'will innuediately. be supplied from the feeders, through interrupter t and the primary winding of series-transtoriner 28, to ground. Consequently, the amount of current traversing other eireuit interrupter-s and series transformers in the vicinity may also be considera ly greater than the normal eurrent supplied through tilltfil ffll' operation. For this reason, if the ei'reuit breakers for eaeh seetiou are properly set to proteet the said section against grounds and other adrerse eouditions. not only the grounded see.- tion 3', but many other sections may obvi ously be. excluded from the. eirenit. in the s \'sten'| illustrated. the tirst et'l'eet of a ground or other eause. of abnormal demand;

on any sertion ot" the line. is to energize Se. r|es transfornier 2 \'l|ii:lr is eonneeted in the feeder. eireuit. l adjaeeutto circuit breaker 5 and which supplies current to magnet winding 30 of relay switth l7.

'hen relay switch I? is aetuated. a eontrol circuit is established souree. through miuals H2 winding from any suitable eondnetor H, contact terof the relay switch and Inagnet 32} of relay switrh It, to eonduetor.

3H. whieh is eonneeted to the. omiosite ter- Ininal of the sonree ol supply. The relay su'iteh lfi. is raised in opposition to a lashpot 215. when its eoil is energized. and. eonsequenttr. some time intervenes between the eompletion of the eireuit through its eoil 2'12. and the rlosing of relay switch it tn the. meantime. energy is supplied through relay switrh li emhliii-tor 313,;rontaet. ter nals ll? of the rela switelt'lH.' -onduetor 32H, trip coil {'9 otlthe ('tl(ltlt.-lll'(;ll (l' 7 and auxiliary eontrol eontaet terminals 10 of the same rirenit. breaker to. line eondur'tor \\'hen eoil 2:11 is energized breaker 7 is inunediatel openedanil resistor (i is inserted in he feeder rireuit t. 'lhe rouse (pit-lit. re-du-etion ot rurrent. in the feeder is sullieient to restore substantially normal eoiulitinns on all of the lineieireuit breakers, with the exeepiion ol' rim-"Si breaker 7 and one other (not shown') that are. lorateil in' the same sert ion as the grbnnd'ili'. When eirenit-ln-eal-n-r 7 is opened. energy is supplied from rontrol line ,eonduetor 3t through-eonlaet members 'tl eondue.tor 42 and elosing (-oil .tll ol' switeh if to opposite line roudin-t r Ill. .\s soontas switeh I9 is elosed. energy is supplied t'ronrt'eeiler (7on doctor I. through switeh A, eondnetor 4t and switrh if to rontrol ronduetor ll. lnasnun-h as the br'iiuai'y inding t trans former L1 is runnertril between rontroi eon .duetor J and the. ground and the primary winding ot transformer it? is eounertrd be.- tween rontrol eondnrlor it) ain't the ground it is erident that transformer 15 is enereondnetors manual to. the tripping eoil 52 of the eireuit-hrealu-r -t. "tn asimilar manner, a eirenit-breaker (not shownlloeated at the other end of the seetion is opened; thus exeluding the grounded section from. the circuit; and -the action is usuallyeom plete before relay switch [6 has an oppor-= (unity to eomptetely close. It. however. the. trouble is so serious that the'exelusion of the grounded see-tion does not remedy the all; normal eondition or the intrmluetion ofiresistanee does not produce. sutlioient reduction of the current, relay switeh 16 may be rinsed. in whieh ease, energy is supplied tron: eonduelor 31. through relayi16,y( '0n-. duetor 51L the tripping eoil 534 of the inn it) eirrnit-interrn iter 5. and elonil iietor fia') I negative rouduetor fl-l. As soon as the-eir- ('Hlt 'l(:ll(tFS at the respeetireendsofthef grounded seetion are opened. tl'iejcu' traversing (-oil Eltlof relay switch I wil ,lie

so l ar redueed as to permit reh y siir itchl 'l to drop and establish a eoniieetion aeross v rolitmt terminals :36- tliereliy"eom'pleting.it mi dnetor 57. (outaet terminals 58 otijeircuit-v breaker :1 the closing roil fifhof .tlie'.circuit-. breaker T and auxiliary eontiiet terininalj. no of the same. eirruit-hreaker to eon(luetor I: I lt is. therefore. evident tliat' assoon. as the grounded section is ext-h nted from the." ein-nit. the resistor (i is again sliort-cireuited b the elosing of eireuitbreaker 7. The elosing roil 42$ ol' switch I!) is ilei nergized when rireuit-bi'eaker 7 is closed and switch it! is opened by a spring (31, thereby :(leenergizing control eonduetor $1 llI'l(ltlIlflS former Assuming that the ground "27 has been re moved and the seetion 3 repaired. and that' it is desired to reronneet the seetion into the. system. this may be. areon plislual as fol-- fo'ws: 'l'he rontrol switrh l5 is first thrown to position ii in which position a cireuit is established from transtornu-r 46, through eondnetor (i 14, switeh l3, eomluetor 33, swit h l t. ronduetor (-4, ronturt terminals 63 of switeh l5, eoudnetor tit). and eoil (-7 of a relay switrh (18, to ground. The relay tors 79. 2L and ill the rsanainii; porii si of the primary winding i": of the Ham-- form r 35, eonilui-tor 81 an-rl a ril'imi ll H2 of relay switrh 18 to the opposite lt'sininal of the battery 09. When the r and 82 are energized relaji switvh 1- ix raiseil ainl hriilgzes rontait nir-mhu-s hi3, therehy (-oinpleting a vontrol eirrui :"ron (oiuluetor 151 through eonihu'ior 3h anal trip coil 3%) of the cirenit-hreaker T as hei'irin arfore explained. By thin means viian breaker 7 l5 openeil and the resi tor telnporarily inserted. As already point'ul out eirrllit-elosing ,S'Wllt'll 19 will ho 'I(L L"l as soon as eireuit-breaher T is openeil and, r nswpiently, energy will hi; supplied from feeder eomluel'or 1 through switi'h iii. rm (llH'uUl H and switrh il to rozrioi minim tor J. 'l ransl ornier -15 will, ionseguenilr, he energized and i'rurrent will he wig one l from its seeondary winding. through n duelor 47, switeh 11; eoinluetor $4 :wviteh 14, eonilnetor eontaet tiiniinah; 8i? of switi'h 15', condnrtoi' 8i, and insing? oi; R8 of vireiiithreaher 4- to glrwnul, thin do;- ing the eireuit breaker. 'l'he .wrihh ])l'()\l6lt(l with ('entering r prinzrr, hit anil, consequently. the switrh lllllhl he hehl [Hallully in position (L during the ahoro-ilescribed cycle of operation, \vhirh. however, oeeupies a very short time. 00? as lnanually-operated switeh 15 is l'i'ieasiil. relay switch 58 is disengaged. relay will Til and 82 are rlei nergizml anti relay switwh in is allowed to drop to itsv lowir pihilion aeross eonta t nielnhers 37. 1t normal on (litiom; ohtain on the system. relay mil ll) is ilei nergz'izeil and relay switeh 1? drop:

to laiilge its terminals at therein eoaiplvt in; a rirruit through rinsing! oil in? of 'll euithrealu-r T and ell'erting the (lbifllil't m" hilli hreakor.

It thus appears that the trolley bitlihili may he rut in or out at the hill of an al telnlant. h) manipulating the prop-or switeh s at tho Rereral istatioih while. at, the same time. tho re-i: tan('e is automath (ally lllfll'ltll in the feeder (in/nit liei'ore a trolley sei-iion is autimiaiivallr exrln lmi and also. uinler normal eoinlitiom. llPlUl'li the eir -llit-lireahers may l)l. (in l in neonneet any of the nifilllll i ll ereraiiig the positions of the swit hes ll. l1! Kill 3 elosing the swileh ;l and opening the with 20. the control eomluotor 9 may he eontinuously enorgizeil. instead of the control run (luctor 10.

'l'iie ron'strnrtion and operation of the Xii-npli in sets Li are lltlllttl to he known .h to ol 'iiate the liei'ea it of any il\ "ll}l[i'lII hol'e. This system is p'i'elera il oi the type that employs, a a wan-e ol' oweig an inihn'lion (oil that is (nxwl h \uitahle halteriim whirl) apparapiei'ezahly r ,p weii in a (Ming ill). The tum-thin ot' Hie "rrpeating traiml'orin :zn-l :25" ha alreaily lieen pointeil it will he noted that a ('HlllltllStl Ell i shunt-Oil arrow the ro'ntaet terminals T7 of the relay \\'it h 6H. therehy at all times ofh-iingr a path for the telephone eurrent, al though the (in-nit i op n at the ('UlHlPHNl t \lll'H'l eon-en! from the hatter) l i Aha), AUlliitllM'l'H 1 ah St'Yil'tillj l'llllllt-(llll in parallel relati n with the eoils Tl) anll B2 of the relay suit h 1. in this eaw. the romienwra re lll--t\l rhielly as protei-tire apparatus. for th rolls. in )l'llll' to eliminate or minimize the i-ti'ert oi the aeruniulation of stati \(lllilflth. As proteetion against a Fllllllil! r ntisigenv i', the hattery M is gronnileil at its. iniihpoint.

it \\ill he llfl\l.} lt)ll that variations in the urrangi'nient of Pllllh 2111(l rirenit (millertiov; ol' the :nwtem may he ell'eeteil within he ph-i1 an l -wope of my invention; L illlillilt. (ltH l't llial only ain'h limitations .shall hr nup seil as are iiniirateil h the ap howled l'ltiilliS.

l elaiin ax my inrention:

lv 'lh e inhination with a plurality ol' i-innpletiset ol' message-viinnnnnioatlug lmanm, am! a plurality of Hlllllt'lfll'h l'or intereonneetin; milil set-4 of a eontrol system normally unhmlriug saiil eonilurtors, a nor mal i open switeh for lll'lllgllllg Sillll eonilu -tow. anil an leetriral oonilensur roni w-li-ii .H'FFWH sai .-:witi-h to permit of un inte rupted eonienuniration between said shim 2. Th union with a plurality of ronipleto trlr; il sets loi'ateil at male r a lji' separated points, anil a plurality of mnilnvtors ior iniereonnei-tin saiil set ot a -onlml s normally elnhoilying Hillkl li lflilltl 'li a u rnlall) open swili-h l'or hri-lgjing xaiil t'UIHliHlfll'S. an ehetrieal eon ilvnwr UllllU'tWl a('l'i! ;H sahl sniteh to per mil ol' iininlerrnpt il telephonie roinniuniiar tio'n. anil 1.- s oure ol' (lll'tt'l-(flllltlll energy for iutermitientl t energizing sai eoniluetor a oriiing M iii powuion ol' Hlllll switeh.

i. The eonihination \\ith a plurality of ioinpleir telephone Mlfi. and a plurality of i'iinilui'turw to! interronnerting Haiil swig of a lliltl'ifl sjjstrin normally (IHlHHlVlHQ Slllll eoniluvtorm a MHIH'V of ilirei'l-eurrentenergy ailapiril to intermittently energize saiil eoniluriorm and means for permitting the pas- 3'" ol' telephonir current through Haiil eon- (lllitlll'fi irrespertire oi their energlilation from will source of energy. 

